Promissory note enforcement vs. an ex officio review of unfair terms (Profi Credit Polska: C-176/17)

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On 17 February 2017, the District Court in Siemianowice Śląskie (the “Court”) referred to the CJEU a preliminary question (C-176/17), asking whether the provisions of Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts, especially Article  6(1) and Article 7(1), and the provisions of Directive 2008/48/EC of 23 April 2008 on credit agreements for consumers and repealing Council Directive 87/102/EEC, especially Article 17(1) and Article 22(1), are to be interpreted as precluding the entrepreneur (the lender) from pursuing a claim against the consumer (the borrower), where the claim is acknowledged by a duly completed promissory note, by way of payment order proceedings specified in Article 485 § 2 and subsequent provisions of the Polish Civil Procedure Code, in relation to Article 41 of the Act on Consumer Credit of 12 May 2011, which limit the national court solely to examining the validity of the promissory note obligation with regard to the formal requirements of the promissory note, excluding examining the basic relation (the loan agreement).

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Posted on 05/08/2017 by Krzysztof Riedl in Civil Procedure, Consumer Law, Contract Law, General Issues

Judgment of CJEU C-119/15 (Biuro Podróży Partner): the ratione personae scope of abusiveness in the abstract review

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In its judgment of 21 December 2016, C-119/15 (Biuro Podróży Partner), the Court of Justice of the EU addressed the question of whether a judgment declaring, in abstracto, a contract clause to be abusive can be effective against every business party who uses the same clause. The judgment comes after a resolution of the Supreme Court of Poland of 20 November 2015 (III CZP 17/15), dealing with almost the same issue of the ratione personae scope of a judicial declaration of abusiveness. Both judgments remain formally independent, but are obviously closely interconnected from the perspective of domestic law. The CJEU’s decision concludes a long dispute over the consequences of declaring a contract clause abusive in abstracto – which was reported on previously on “Polish Private Law”:

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Posted on 21/01/2017 by Karolina Rokita-Kornasiewicz in Civil Procedure, Consumer Law

The effects of abstract review of contract clauses – the resolution of the Supreme Court (III CZP 17/15)

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In the resolution of seven judges of 20 November 2015 (III CZP 17/15) the Supreme Court faced the question of the precise scope of erga omnes effect of in abstracto abusiveness of contract clauses. Under Art. 47943 of the Code of Civil Procedure the judgment that declares abusiveness of a clause is “effective towards third persons”, from the day of listing this clause in the public register administered by the President of the Office of Protection of Competition and Consumers. Although the provisions in question have been repelled from the Polish legal system in April 2016 (and replaced with in abstracto administrative review of clauses), the resolution in question still have a profound significance for framing the underlying premises of abusiveness control in the EU, as well as the interplay between consumer protection and fundamental rights sphere.

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Posted on 05/11/2016 by Mateusz Grochowski in Civil Procedure, Consumer Law

The effects of abstract review of contract clauses – legislative and judicial framework

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In the resolution of seven judges of 20 November 2015 (III CZP 17/15) the Supreme Court faced the question of the precise scope of erga omnes effect of in abstracto abusiveness of contract clauses. Under Art. 47943 of the Code of Civil Procedure the judgment declaring (abstract) abusiveness of a clause is “effective towards third persons”, from the day of listing this clause in the public register administered by the President of the Office of Protection of Competition and Consumers. Although the provisions in question have been repelled from the Polish legal system in April 2016 (and replaced with in abstracto administrative review of clauses), the resolution in question still have a profound significance for framing the underlying premises of abusiveness control in the EU, as well as the interplay between consumer protection and fundamental rights sphere.

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Posted on 05/09/2016 by Karolina Rokita-Kornasiewicz in Civil Procedure, Consumer Law

The Judgment of Paris

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Not taking into consideration faulty verdicts and irrational politics in the judicial system, especially inconsiderate cadre decisions and rash judge nominations, has catastrophic consequences for the judicial system, as well as for the whole country. It’s a shame, that the same mistakes are repeated so many years later. The opinion that because people do not have divine perfection, they want to be closer to gods so they repeat their mistakes does not seem to be appropriate.

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Posted on 11/02/2016 by ACUS in Civil Procedure, General Issues

In search for a remedy to facilitate the work of a judge: “electronic” judicial opinion

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The ability to issue an electronic judicial opinion was introduced to the Polish legal order by an amendment to the Code of Civil Proceedings (herein: CCP) – of 29 August 2014, which has been binding since 27 October 2014. The new way of providing grounds for judicial decisions was created by two articles: Article 328 § 11 and Article 331 § 2 CCP. According to the first of them, if the court’s session is recorded using electronic means, the judicial opinion can be delivered after announcing the verdict, and recorded along with the other elements of proceedings in the courtroom. In that case, the judge is no longer obliged to give brief oral reasons for his or her decision (which would be required if the traditional written motives were to be produced as the “main” opinion). Due to the second provision, if the e-motives have been produced, the parties obtain the judgment along with the transcript of the opinion – which is considered to be legally equal to the delivery of the written justification in the traditional model of giving the judicial opinion.

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Posted on 26/01/2016 by Iwona Rzucidło-Grochowska in Civil Procedure, General Issues

Banking Enforcement Titles non-constitutional and derogated from the Polish legal system

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On 14 April 2015, the Polish Constitutional Tribunal rendered a ruling that triggered a great commotion on the Polish market of banking services. The Tribunal declared Article 96 sec. 1 and Article 97 sec. 1 of the Banking Act – regulations constituting Banking Enforcement Title – as contrary to the principle of equality (case No P 45/12). In response to the judgment, the state legislator derogated this instrument from the Polish legal system with effect from 27 November 2015.

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Posted on 21/12/2015 by Aleksandra Bolibok in Civil Procedure, Consumer Law, General Issues

A preliminary question from the Polish Supreme Court to the CJEU (case C-70/15)

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In its ruling of 27 November 2014 (case number: V CSK 487/13), the Supreme Court (Civil Chamber) asked a preliminary question to the CJEU. This is worth mentioning, as the decision in question is not only the first case of the Supreme Court revoking the preliminary procedure in civil matters, but also the first one in its jurisprudence at all. The question concerns two issues of the European civil procedure regulation.

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Posted on 22/06/2015 by Mateusz Grochowski in Civil Procedure

Specific nature of Polish Group Action under the Law of 17 December 2009

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Group action is a new institution to Polish civil procedure that has been introduced by The Act on Asserting Claims in Class Proceedings of 17 December 2009, the “Polish Class Action Act”. The act came into force on 19 July 2010 and is a step towards unifying Polish law with European Union law. This act is the main regulation, but is not all-encompassing. Issues not addressed in this act are regulated by the Code of Civil Procedure of 1964 according to Article 24 of the Act (the Act on Asserting Claims in Class Proceedings of 17 December 2009). Under this regulation there are certain certification criteria that must be met to bring a class action into court. In this paper I will briefly present crucial aspects of the Polish regulation, such as the certification criteria, the scope of application, requirements for monetary claims, class representatives, stages of proceedings, remedies, and the costs of class actions.

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Posted on 03/04/2015 by Monika Adamin in Civil Procedure

Jurisdictional immunity of the state in cases involving serious human rights abuses

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In a decision of 29 October 2010 (IV CSK 465/09), the Polish Supreme Court examined the case of Wincjusz Natoniewski, a survivor of the Second World War, who instituted civil proceedings against the Federal Republic of Germany claiming compensation for injuries he suffered as a consequence of acts perpetrated by German armed forces in 1944. This case is one of many in which survivors of large-scale armed operations against civilians and other barbaric acts seek compensation from the state. Such cases involving serious human rights violations call into question the issue of a state’s entitlement to immunity.

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Posted on 13/02/2015 by Agnieszka Gołąb in Civil Procedure
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